Important Events 1340 Battle of Rio Salado (or Tarifa): King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile defeat Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali of Morocco and Yusuf I of

Important Events 539 BC King Cyrus “the Great” of Persia marches into Babylon, freeing Jewish captives and allowing them to return home 1268 Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the German

Important Events 1492 Christopher Columbus sights Cuba and claims it for Spain under the name “Juana” 1538 The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established on

Important Events 312 Roman Emperor Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross 1795 Pinckney’s Treaty [Treaty of San Lorenzo] signed by Spain and US, establishing the southern boundary

Important Events 1850 Robert McClure sights the fabled Northwest Passage for the first time (from Banks Island towards Melville Island) 1861 Pony Express (Missouri to California) ends after 19 months 1863 International conference begins

Important Events 1415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V’s forces defeat larger French army and the longbow defeats the armoured knight 1854 The infamous “Charge of the Light Brigade” during the Battle of

Important Events 1260 Qutuz, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt (1259-60), is assassinated by Baibars, a fellow Mamluk leader, who seizes power for himself 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ends The Thirty Years’ War in

Important Events 42 BC Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Brutus’s army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian. Brutus commits suicide. 1911 1st aerial reconnaissance mission is flown by an Italian pilot over

Important Events 1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during the battle. 1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent

Important Events 1097 1st Crusaders arrive in Antioch during the First Crusade 1603 Chinese uprising in the Philippines fails after 23,000 killed 1803 US Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase 1864 US President Abraham Lincoln formally establishes

Important Events 202 BC Battle of Zama: Hannibal Barca and the Carthaginian army are defeated by Roman legions under Scipio Africanus, ending 2nd Punic War 1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms

Important Events 1009 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church’s foundations down to bedrock 1685 French King Louis XIV revokes

Important Events 733 Battle at Tours (Poitiers): Charles Martel’s Frankish and Burgundian forces beat those of al-Andalus under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi halting Islamic influence (date disputed) 1854 French and British forces

Important Events 1813 Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon’s forces defeated by Prussia, Austria and Russia 1900 Great Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Treaty, agreeing to maintain

Important Events 1581 Commissioned by Catherine De Medici, the 1st ballet “Ballet Comique de la Reine” is staged in Paris 1582 Gregorian calendar introduced in Spain, Portugal and pontifical states, after skipping 10

Important Events 1066 Battle of Hastings: William the Conqueror and his Norman army defeat the English forces of Harold II who is killed in the battle 1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at